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vue实现元素拖拽

2026-01-17 16:37:00VUE

Vue 实现元素拖拽的方法

使用 HTML5 原生拖拽 API

HTML5 提供了原生拖拽 API，可以通过 draggable 属性结合事件监听实现拖拽功能。

<template>
  <div 
    draggable="true"
    @dragstart="handleDragStart"
    @dragend="handleDragEnd"
    @dragover="handleDragOver"
    @drop="handleDrop"
  >
    拖拽元素
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  methods: {
    handleDragStart(e) {
      e.dataTransfer.setData('text/plain', e.target.id);
    },
    handleDragOver(e) {
      e.preventDefault();
    },
    handleDrop(e) {
      e.preventDefault();
      const data = e.dataTransfer.getData('text/plain');
      const draggedElement = document.getElementById(data);
      e.target.appendChild(draggedElement);
    },
    handleDragEnd() {
      // 拖拽结束后的处理
    }
  }
};
</script>

使用第三方库 vue-draggable

vue-draggable 是基于 Sortable.js 的 Vue 拖拽组件，适用于列表拖拽排序等场景。

安装依赖：

npm install vuedraggable

使用示例：

<template>
  <draggable v-model="list" @end="onDragEnd">
    <div v-for="item in list" :key="item.id">
      {{ item.name }}
    </div>
  </draggable>
</template>

<script>
import draggable from 'vuedraggable';

export default {
  components: { draggable },
  data() {
    return {
      list: [
        { id: 1, name: 'Item 1' },
        { id: 2, name: 'Item 2' }
      ]
    };
  },
  methods: {
    onDragEnd() {
      // 拖拽结束后的处理
    }
  }
};
</script>

自定义拖拽指令

通过 Vue 自定义指令实现更灵活的拖拽逻辑。

<template>
  <div v-drag>可拖拽元素</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  directives: {
    drag: {
      bind(el) {
        let pos1 = 0, pos2 = 0, pos3 = 0, pos4 = 0;
        el.onmousedown = dragMouseDown;

        function dragMouseDown(e) {
          e.preventDefault();
          pos3 = e.clientX;
          pos4 = e.clientY;
          document.onmouseup = closeDragElement;
          document.onmousemove = elementDrag;
        }

        function elementDrag(e) {
          e.preventDefault();
          pos1 = pos3 - e.clientX;
          pos2 = pos4 - e.clientY;
          pos3 = e.clientX;
          pos4 = e.clientY;
          el.style.top = (el.offsetTop - pos2) + 'px';
          el.style.left = (el.offsetLeft - pos1) + 'px';
        }

        function closeDragElement() {
          document.onmouseup = null;
          document.onmousemove = null;
        }
      }
    }
  }
};
</script>

<style>
div {
  position: absolute;
  cursor: move;
}
</style>

使用拖拽事件实现限制区域拖拽

通过计算边界限制拖拽范围。

<template>
  <div 
    class="draggable" 
    @mousedown="startDrag" 
    :style="{ left: position.x + 'px', top: position.y + 'px' }"
  >
    限制区域拖拽
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      position: { x: 0, y: 0 },
      isDragging: false
    };
  },
  methods: {
    startDrag(e) {
      this.isDragging = true;
      const startX = e.clientX - this.position.x;
      const startY = e.clientY - this.position.y;

      document.onmousemove = (e) => {
        if (!this.isDragging) return;
        let x = e.clientX - startX;
        let y = e.clientY - startY;

        // 限制在父容器内
        const parentRect = this.$el.parentElement.getBoundingClientRect();
        const elRect = this.$el.getBoundingClientRect();
        x = Math.max(0, Math.min(x, parentRect.width - elRect.width));
        y = Math.max(0, Math.min(y, parentRect.height - elRect.height));

        this.position = { x, y };
      };

      document.onmouseup = () => {
        this.isDragging = false;
        document.onmousemove = null;
        document.onmouseup = null;
      };
    }
  }
};
</script>

<style>
.draggable {
  position: absolute;
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  background: #42b983;
  cursor: move;
}
</style>